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Discover Amazing Manta Ray Facts

Find Amazing Manta Ray Facts Manta beams are the biggest beams on the planet. There are in any event two types of mantas. Manta birostris is the goliath maritime manta and Manta alfredi is the reef manta. Their appearance is comparable and the scope of the two species covers, yet the monster manta is all the more regularly found on the untamed sea while the reef manta visits shallower, beach front waters. Quick Facts: Manta Ray Logical Name: Manta sp.Other Names: Devil beam, Giant manta, Mobula sp.Distinguishing Features: Massive beam with a triangular shape, enormous mouth, and oar formed projections before its mouthAverage Size: 7 meters (M. birostris); 5.5 (M. alfredi)Diet: Carnivorous channel feederLifespan: Up to 50 yearsHabitat: Tropical and subtropical seas worldwideConservation Status: Vulnerable (Population Decreasing)Kingdom: AnimaliaPhylum: ChordataClass: ChondrichthyesSubclass: ElasmobranchiiOrder: MyliobatiformesFamily: MobulidaeFun Fact: Mantas normally visit reef cleaning stations to have outer parasites expelled. Depiction The name manta implies mantle or shroud, which is an exact depiction of the creatures structure. Manta beams have triangular pectoral balances, wide heads, and gill cuts on their ventral surfaces. Their horn-formed cephalic blades have earned them the epithet fallen angel beam. The two types of beam have little, square teeth. The species vary in the structure of their dermal denticles, shading examples, and tooth designs. Most mantas are dark or dull shaded on top with checked shoulders and pale undersides. The ventral surface may have unmistakable dull imprints. Every dark creature additionally happen. M. birostris has a spine close to its dorsal blade, yet it is unequipped for stinging. M. birostris arrives at 7 m (23 ft) in width, while M. alfredi arrives at 5.5 m (18 ft) in width. An enormous manta can weight up to 1350 kg (2980 lb). Manta beams must push ahead to disregard oxygenated water their gills. The fish swim fundamentally by fluttering their pectoral balances and flying submerged. Notwithstanding their huge size, mantas oftentimes penetrate into air. The fish have one of the most elevated cerebrum to-weight proportions and are accepted to be exceptionally savvy. <img information srcset=https://www.thoughtco.com/thmb/umK3b4kzzRi35cr_EzhgzBR5Y8Y=/300x0/filters:no_upscale():max_bytes(150000):strip_icc()/front-perspective on a-monster manta-beam 911501376-5c02ec48c9e77c00016e84f7.jpg 300w, https://www.thoughtco.com/thmb/o3xaz2IemzYeZnt01sweV0_RFDc=/1484x0/filters:no_upscale():max_bytes(150000):strip_icc()/front-perspective on a-goliath manta-beam 911501376-5c02ec48c9e77c00016e84f7.jpg 1484w, https://www.thoughtco.com/thmb/HyvRwX1Uk8HOcgMt_HD0ZS9z20Y=/2668x0/filters:no_upscale():max_bytes(150000):strip_icc()/front-perspective on a-mammoth manta-beam 911501376-5c02ec48c9e77c00016e84f7.jpg 2668w, https://www.thoughtco.com/thmb/da5NCFWhjafCB_7auEq-LNR2ZHw=/5038x0/filters:no_upscale():max_bytes(150000):strip_icc()/front-perspective on a-mammoth manta-beam 911501376-5c02ec48c9e77c00016e84f7.jpg 5038w information src=https://www.thoughtco.com/thmb/3TIWpuhf4HyV_74jCX6QeB965KI=/5038x3359/filters:no_upscale():max_bytes(150000):strip_icc()/front-perspective on a-monster manta-beam 911501376-5c02ec48c9e77c00016e84f7.jpg src=//:0 alt=Manta beams must swim forward to relax. class=lazyload information click-tracked=true information img-lightbox=true information expand=300 id=mntl-sc-square image_1-0-8 information following container=true /> Manta beams must swim forward to relax. Gregory Sweeney/Getty Images Dispersion Manta beams live in the tropical and subtropical seas around the globe. They have been viewed as far north as North Carolina in the United States (31Â °N)Â and as far south as New Zealand (36Â °S), in spite of the fact that they possibly adventure into mild oceans when the water temperature is in any event 20 Â °C (68 Â °F). The two species are pelagic, found essentially in the vast sea. They are normal in beach front waters from spring to fall. They move similar to 1000 km (620 mi) and happen at profundities extending from ocean level down to 1000 m (3300 ft). During the day, manta beams swim close to the surface. Around evening time, they adventure further. <img information srcset=https://www.thoughtco.com/thmb/rhzZyfLfF4tMkIjRvSqYRQit4C0=/300x0/filters:no_upscale():max_bytes(150000):strip_icc()/manta-beam circulation 5c02c616c9e77c0001cc2a2c.jpg 300w, https://www.thoughtco.com/thmb/6CfLTsA_EtggGsQX9Eeq0gRCI7M=/545x0/filters:no_upscale():max_bytes(150000):strip_icc()/manta-beam appropriation 5c02c616c9e77c0001cc2a2c.jpg 545w, https://www.thoughtco.com/thmb/HZjnK6vfRVVp3qcg_BNJgWmQ2WM=/790x0/filters:no_upscale():max_bytes(150000):strip_icc()/manta-beam dispersion 5c02c616c9e77c0001cc2a2c.jpg 790w, https://www.thoughtco.com/thmb/Hi9PwtR1XWtxga0g-SZIILJmsZw=/1280x0/filters:no_upscale():max_bytes(150000):strip_icc()/manta-beam dissemination 5c02c616c9e77c0001cc2a2c.jpg 1280w information src=https://www.thoughtco.com/thmb/Z2sh_dylP21rs2865_Lq5PVSLjw=/1280x800/filters:no_upscale():max_bytes(150000):strip_icc()/manta-beam circulation 5c02c616c9e77c0001cc2a2c.jpg src=//:0 alt=Manta beam circulation class=lazyload information click-tracked=true information img-lightbox=true information expand=300 id=mntl-sc-square image_1-0-12 information following container=true /> Manta beam circulation. maplab Diet Manta beams are meat eating channel feeders that go after zooplankton, including krill, shrimp, and crab hatchlings. Mantas chase by sight and smell. A manta groups its prey by swimming around it so the present gathers the tiny fish. At that point, the beam speeds through the wad of food with an all the way open mouth. The cephalic balances channel particles into the mouth, while the gill curves gather them. Predators Executioner whales and huge sharks go after mantas. Cutout sharks, which take round treat formed chomps from their prey, can perpetrate possibly lethal harm. Beams are helpless to an assortment of parasites. They routinely visit reef cleaning stations for wound cleaning and ectoparasite evacuation. The capacity of each fish to return to cleaning stations is viewed as proof manta beams build mental maps of their environmental factors. Multiplication Mating happens at various seasons and relies upon the mantas geographic area. Romance seems to include fish swimming in trains, regularly during the full moon. During mating, the male quite often gets a handle on the females left pectoral balance. He at that point turns so the two are midsection to-paunch and supplements a clasper into her cloaca. Development is accepted to take 12 to 13 months. The egg cases incubate inside the female. In the long run, one to two puppies develop. Females normally conceive an offspring at regular intervals. Guys develop when they are more youthful and littler than females. Females normally develop around 8 to 10 years old. Mantas may satisfy 50 years in nature. Manta Rays and Humans Verifiably, manta beams were adored or dreaded. It wasnt until 1978 that jumpers exhibited the creatures were delicate and would interface with people. Today, probably the best achievement shielding manta beams has originated from ecotourism. Angling a manta for its meat, skin, or for gill rakers for Chinese conventional medication can gain hundred of dollars. In any case, each beam can get $1 million in the travel industry dollars over its lifetime. Scuba jumpers are destined to experience the incredible fish, however the travel industry in the Bahamas, Hawaii, Indonesia, Australia, Spain, and different nations makes it workable for anybody to see mantas. While the beams are not forceful, care must be taken to abstain from contacting the fish on the grounds that disturbing its mucous layer makes it powerless to injury and disease. <img information srcset=https://www.thoughtco.com/thmb/qQOUuGXODgviht1aI-HqcOgcqiU=/300x0/filters:no_upscale():max_bytes(150000):strip_icc()/manta-beam scuba-jumper revillagigedo-islandsm-477703415-5c02ebecc9e77c0001733029.jpg 300w, https://www.thoughtco.com/thmb/mc3fy_LsO2G5dsLg5Su6fSMTuns=/1506x0/filters:no_upscale():max_bytes(150000):strip_icc()/manta-beam scuba-jumper revillagigedo-islandsm-477703415-5c02ebecc9e77c0001733029.jpg 1506w, https://www.thoughtco.com/thmb/9eJTud7TSNTZcnAciUk_UnRjn5Q=/2712x0/filters:no_upscale():max_bytes(150000):strip_icc()/manta-beam scuba-jumper revillagigedo-islandsm-477703415-5c02ebecc9e77c0001733029.jpg 2712w, https://www.thoughtco.com/thmb/BGyIu4aDLyfjAErx7NvafbAcypU=/5125x0/filters:no_upscale():max_bytes(150000):strip_icc()/manta-beam scuba-jumper revillagigedo-islandsm-477703415-5c02ebecc9e77c0001733029.jpg 5125w information src=https://www.thoughtco.com/thmb/27cdzLa41BNhPo7RjBtPcs-uD9M=/5125x3415/filters:no_upscale():max_bytes(150000):strip_icc()/manta-beam scuba-jumper revillagigedo-islandsm-477703415-5c02ebecc9e77c0001733029.jpg src=//:0 alt=Mantas are not forceful toward people. class=lazyload information click-tracked=true information img-lightbox=true information expand=300 id=mntl-sc-square image_1-0-27 information following container=true /> Mantas are not forceful toward people. James R.D. Scott/Getty Images Protection Status The IUCN Red List groups both M. alfredi and M. birostris as open to a raised danger of termination. While mantas are ensured by numerous nations, their numbers are declining a direct result of relocation through unprotected waters, overfishing, bycatch, trap in angling gear, ingestion of microplastics, water contamination, vessel impacts, and environmental change. Nearby populaces face an extreme danger on the grounds that there is little communication between subpopulations. In light of the fishs low regenerative rate, its improbable mantas in unprotected territories can recoup, especially from overfishing. Be that as it may, a couple of open aquariums are sufficiently huge to house manta beams. These remember the Georgia Aquarium for Atlanta, the Atlantis Resort in the Bahamas, and the Okinawa Churaumi Aquarium in Japan. The aquarium in Okinawa has effectively birthed manta beams in imprisonment. Sources Ebert, D

Coping With Cynophobia or the Fear of Dogs

Coping With Cynophobia or the Fear of Dogs Phobias Types Print Cynophobia: Fear of Dogs By Lisa Fritscher Lisa Fritscher is a freelance writer and editor with a deep interest in phobias and other mental health topics. Learn about our editorial policy Lisa Fritscher Medically reviewed by Medically reviewed by Steven Gans, MD on August 05, 2016 Steven Gans, MD is board-certified in psychiatry and is an active supervisor, teacher, and mentor at Massachusetts General Hospital. Learn about our Medical Review Board Steven Gans, MD Updated on January 15, 2020 Neti Phunitiphat / Getty Images More in Phobias Types Causes Symptoms and Diagnosis Treatment In This Article Table of Contents Expand Causes Symptoms Complications Treatment View All Back To Top Cynophobia, or fear of dogs, is an extremely common specific phobia. Although snake and spider phobias are even more prevalent, the average person is far more likely to encounter dogs in his daily life. A phobia of dogs can be devastating, limiting contact with dog-owning friends and relatives and curtailing normal activities. Causes of Cynophobia Like most animal phobias, fear of dogs is most commonly caused by a negative experience with a dog, especially during childhood. Both children and dogs are naturally curious, and you may have been jumped on by an overexcited puppy or growled at by a large watchdog as you approached a fence. A large dog can make a major impression on a small child, even if no actual attack occurred. The negative experience need not have affected you directly. Many parents warn children about approaching strange dogs. A childs fertile imagination combined with an incomplete or even erroneous understanding of dog behavior could lead to a full-blown phobia of dogs. If a friend or relative was attacked by a dog, or a parent harbored an unhealthy fear, the risk of developing cynophobia is increased. Symptoms Like all phobias, the fear of dogs can vary dramatically in severity from person to person. You might fear only large breeds. You may be uncomfortable around live dogs but be perfectly content to view dogs in photographs or TV shows. Likewise, the symptoms of cynophobia can also vary. Common reactions include running away, freezing in terror, and attempting to hide. You might shake, feel nauseated or disoriented, or even begin to cry. Anticipatory anxiety frequently occurs in the days leading up to a known confrontation. Complications Because dogs are so popular as pets and companions, avoiding them can be nearly impossible. You might find yourself limiting contact with dog owners, even to the point of avoiding family gatherings. You may be unable to enjoy outdoor activities such as walking in the park, hiking, or camping since many outdoor enthusiasts bring their dogs. Over time, your normal routine may become extremely restricted as you attempt to prevent any accidental contact with a dog. This increasing isolation can lead to depression and other anxiety disorders. Some people develop a  social phobia and even agoraphobia as they become more and more unwilling to leave their homes. Treatment for Cynophobia Like all animal phobias, the fear of dogs responds quite well to treatment. Cognitive-behavioral techniques such as systematic desensitization and flooding are designed to help remove the fear and encourage more helpful coping skills. How Cognitive Behavior Therapy Works Although these techniques are traditionally performed using live dogs,  active-imaginal exposure may be done. If you are given this type of treatment, you will be encouraged to act out positive behaviors such as approaching and petting a dog. Instead of interacting with a live dog, however, you will vividly imagine the dog. If your phobia is severe, medications might be used in conjunction with therapy. Certain medications can significantly reduce your anxiety, allowing you to focus on the therapeutic techniques. Although cynophobia can be devastating, it is extremely treatable. With a bit of work, there is no reason that you must continue to suffer.

The Things they Carried by Tim O´Brien - 1948 Words

When people think of war what comes to mind is death, torture, and destruction. War instills fear since everyone dreads involvement in the ordeal (Mazlish 10). The experience of war leaves people with physical and psychological scars. Tim Obrien in â€Å"The Things they Carried† brings to light the tribulations faced by the soldiers in their quest to restore peace. He asserts, ‘war is hell (Brien 8).’This is an exhilarating story that brings to light the fact that, despite their participation in the war, soldiers are still human. Stanley Kubrick echoes Obrien’s sentiments in his award winning film the Full Metal Jacket. Both highlight the ugly truths of war as full of cruelties and absurdities. The experience of war for the soldiers shows that they are still human with feelings and emotions (Mazlish 11). For some, their emotions grow stronger while others undergo mental anguish and breakdowns, but whatever the case nobody is ever the same again. In this perspective, it is captivating to note that these two masterpieces reflect on the US Vietnamese war. They both try to analyze the effects of war on the soldiers and the struggles they underwent in their quest to bring tranquility. In both cases, it is disheartening to understand that they succeed in bringing physical peace at the expense of their emotional peace. Unity is initially evident at the beginning of The Things they Carried. It comes from the fact that the war is their binding factor (Brien 14). Their goal is to defeat aShow MoreRelatedThe Things They Carried By Tim O Brien892 Words   |  4 PagesThe Vietnam War was a long, exhausting, and traumatic experience for all of the soldiers and those who came with them. The Things They Carried, by Tim O Brien illustrates the different affects the war had on a variety of people: Jacqueline Navarra Rhoads, a former nurse during the Vietnam war, demonstrates these effects within her own memoir in the book, The Forgotten Veterans. Both sources exemplify many tribulations, while sharing a common thread of suffering from mental unpredictability. DesensitizationRead MoreThe Things They Carried By Tim O Brien1377 Words   |  6 Pageslove to have it as good as we do. Tim O’Brien’s The Things They Carried discusses many veterans who experience the burden of shame and guilt daily d ue to their heroic actions taken during the Vietnam War. The book shows you how such a war can change a man before, during, and after it’s over.     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   As I reflect on the many conflicts America has been a part of, none can compare to the tragedies that occurred in The Vietnam war. As told in The Things They Carried (O’Brien), characters such as NormanRead MoreThe Things They Carried By Tim O Brien1457 Words   |  6 Pagesthe theme pertains to everyone regardless of their background. It conveys the same ideas to people from all across our society. Lastly, a classic is timeless, which means it has transcended the time in which it was written. In Tim O’Brien’s novel, The Things They Carried, he offers a new, intriguing way to view war or just life in general and also meets all of the crucial requirements mentioned above to qualify it as a book of literary canon. Though this book is technically a war novel, many peopleRead MoreThe Things They Carried By Tim O Brien1242 Words   |  5 Pagesâ€Å"Tim O’Brien is obsessed with telling a true war story. O Brien s fiction about the Vietnam experience suggest, lies not in realistic depictions or definitive accounts. As O’Brien argues, absolute occurrence is irrelevant because a true war story does not depend upon that kind of truth. Mary Ann’s induction into genuine experience is clearly destructive as well as empowering† (p.12) Tim O’s text, The Things they Carried, details his uses of word choice to portray his tone and bias. Tim O’BrienRead MoreThe Things They Carried By Tim O Brien1169 Words   |  5 Pagesbut are set in the past and borrows things from that time period. A story that fits this genre of literature is The Things They Carried. The story is about Tim O Brien, a Vietnam veteran from the Unite States, who tells stories about what had happ ened when he and his team were stationed in Vietnam. He also talks about what he felt about the war when he was drafted and what he tried to do to avoid going to fight in Vietnam. The Things They Carried by Tim O Brien was precise with its portrayal of settingRead MoreThe Things They Carried By Tim O Brien1004 Words   |  5 Pages Tim O’Brien is a veteran from of the Vietnam War, and after coming home from his duty he decided to be a writer. His work â€Å"The Things They Carried† is about a group of soldiers that are fighting in the Vietnam War. The first part of the story talks mostly about physical items that each soldier carries, and also mentions the weight of the items as well. Though, there is one exception to the list of physical things. Lieutenant Cross is a character of the story, and Tim O’ Brien quickly states theRead MoreThe Things They Carried By Tim O Brien896 Words   |  4 PagesTrouble without a doubt is what First Lieutenant Jimmy Cross c arried around his shoulders because he was out in war, where mistakes happen. Lost and unknown of his surroundings he had to lead his men into safety, while destroying anything they found. First Lieutenant Jimmy Cross only holds onto one thing for hope and that is Martha, the woman who he hopes is a virgin to come back to. Tim O’ Brien introduces symbolism by adding a character that has a meaning of purity and a pebble, which symbolizesRead MoreThe Things They Carried By Tim O Brien Essay832 Words   |  4 PagesSummary: â€Å"By and large they carried these things inside, maintaining the masks of composure† (21). In Tim O’brien’s The Things They Carried, the American soldiers of the Vietnam War carry much more than the weight of their equipment, much more than souvenirs or good-luck charms or letters from home. They carried within themselves the intransitive burdens—of fear, of cowardice, of love, of loneliness, of anger, of confusion. Most of all, they carry the truth of what happened to them in the war—aRead MoreThe Things They Carried By Tim O Brien1369 Words   |  6 PagesMany authors use storytelling as a vehicle to convey the immortality of past selves and those who have passed to not only in their piece of literature but in their life as an author. In Tim O’Brien’s work of fiction The Things They Carried, through his final chapter â€Å"The Lives of the Dead,† O Brien conveys that writing is a matter of survival since, the powers of s torytelling can ensure the immortality of all those who were significant in his life. Through their immortality, O’Brien has the abilityRead MoreThe Things They Carried By Tim O Brien1407 Words   |  6 Pages       Our introduction stated that in â€Å"The Things They Carried,† author Tim O’Brien tells us not directly of the soldiers of Vietnam, or the situations they find themselves in, but about the things they carry on their shoulders and in their pockets. These â€Å"things† identify the characters and bring them to life.   I find that to be true as the author unfolds the stories about war and the uncommon things one carries in to war both inadvertently and on purpose.  Ã‚  Ã‚  As it was noted: Stories about war –

My First Time Entering A Courtroom - 1624 Words

On Tuesday, November 10, 2015, I had the opportunity to visit the district court of Maryland in Rockville, around 10:30 am until 12:30 pm to observe a judicial criminal proceedings. I was so much excited because it was my first time entering a courtroom. A court is an institution that set up to settle disputes through a legal process. In the criminal court that I attended cases such as traffic violation, DUI and criminal offenses that carried a jail sentence, probation and the state brought fines against the people that had committed a crime. The defendants are given a chance to represent themselves or choose to have a legal representation including public defenders, which is mostly preferred by many of the accused. The courtroom included†¦show more content†¦In front of the judge far left which was two inches away was a seat for the defendant and his defense attorney to present their case. On the far right of the of the defense attorney was the stand for the prosecutor and the plaintiff. A bailiff who maintains peace at the courtroom was standing at one corner closer to the bench. Even though, he had the chance to move around. There was a divider between the open seats and those involved in the legal proceedings. Moreover, at the entrance of the courtroom was a police officer who acted as a guard. During the trial, I met Judge Rowan, he was about sixty years of age and thoughtful person. As soon as Judge Rowan enters the courtroom, the clerk asked the court to rise, and everybody stood up. After the judge had sat down, the clerk calls the case saying state versus the defendant name Smith, the defendant and his attorney who was a private attorney walked up to the front box where they came and stood to make their presentation. The defendant was asked by the clerk to sworn in giving the assurance whatever he says at the courtroom is the truth. However, the prosecutor made an opening statement briefly reviewing the violation and saying how they intend t o prove each element of the case. The prosecutor explained that on June 2015, Mr. Smith a twenty 28 years old was operating a vehicle seventy mile per hour on the Georgia Ave while he was intoxicated. Due to his

Philosophy with Logic Free Essays

string(68) " knowledge of truth in an orderly way, with ease and without error\." Philosophy with Logic What is philosophy? Philosophy has many questions- Asking the right questions†¦ From Greek word PHILO (Love) SOPHIA (Wisdom) which means lover of wisdom * PHYTAGORAS, a Greek Philosopher, was the first to use the term Philosophy. * He noted that there are three types of man: a. lover of pleasure b. We will write a custom essay sample on Philosophy with Logic or any similar topic only for you Order Now lover of success c. lover of wisdom * the last, according to him, is the SUPERIOR TYPE. * Wisdom here deals with the principles of things, the first cause of all beings. It deals with an understanding on the meaning of one’s existence and the importance of things around her/ him (Socio, 2007) The chief goal of wisdom is a fundamental understanding of reality as it relates to living a good life. * We might say then, that wisdom is good judgement about complex situations. Consequently, wisdom involves reflection, insight, a capacity to learn from experience and some plausible conception of the human condition (Buenaflor, 2009). Philosophy is a search for meaning and therefore intended only for the rational beings. He who has the why of things can bear almost any how†¦- Victor Frankyl Philosophy uses reason to attain its object. Whatever is one’s state in life, whenever she is and whatever she does she will always be left philosophizing. Therefore philosophy is always present. Philosophy- The science of all things by their first causes as known by the light of reason Philosophy covered all aspects of human knowledge. The early philosophers believed that philosophy is the foundation of all learning in the possibility of a total world picture and in the unity of all truths- whether scientific, ethical, religious or aesthetic. Philosophy as subject sought to provide if not all the answers the, the answers to at least the most ultimate and fundamental questions. Why study Philosophy? The study of Philosophy is very important because it offers students a chance to explore the fundamental questions about human existence and to see exactly what thinkers in different periods have had about the essence of human being. Philosophy can help clarify our thoughts. The clearer a person thinks the more she/he expresses himself/herself and more accurate way of examining and making decisions about life. It is philosophy that digs into the root causes of man’s problems and discovers the true solutions and remedies to human ills. Plato- The Philosopher King Why study Philosophy? Philosophy is one of the best ways of enriching your life, even as it prepares you for life. Philosophy’s critical skills offer the best defense against foolishness and falsehoods. Philosophy is one of the most practical subjects in college. Logic helps the students in the following areas: * Interpretation ; Analysis * Abstract Reasoning * Research ; Synthesis * Communications Branches of Philosophy Logic- the science of correct reasoning * Epistemology- it deals with the origin and validity of human knowledge * Metaphysics- it deals with the study of beings and the origin of things. * Theodicy- the study of God in the light of natural reason. (Philosophy of Religion) * Cosmology- the study of the universe from a philosophical viewpoint * Philosophical or Rational Psychology- the study of man not only as a thinking or sensing being but as compose of body and soul * Ethics- a philosophical study that deals with how life should be lived and the means of attaining a meaningful existence. * Aesthetics or Philosophy of Arts- deals with the philosophical study of arts and beauty. It answers the question like What is beauty? Philosophy can also be divided into the following branches called Philosophies of Discipline * Philosophy of Persons- it deals with the study about the dignity of man, truth, freedom, justice, love, death and his relationship with others and with God. * Social Philosophy- it deals with the philosophical study of a society and its institutions. It is concerned in determining the features of the best society as it deals with the study of relationships of the human person. Philosophy of Science- This deals with the justification and objectivity of scientific knowledge. * Philosophy of mathematics- The aim of philosophy of mathematics is to provide an account of the nature and methodology of mathematics and its importance. * Philosophy of Law- This branch of philosophy deals with the why’s of the law. It also aims to guide people’s actions in political community and thereby protect basic interests or rights. * Philosophy of Education- This branch of philosophy provides a philosophical understanding of the issues in education. It deals with the different methods of education and its effects in the learning of the human person. * Philosophy of Psychology- it deals with everyday reflections on ones thoughts and deeds and on the behavior of others * Philosophy of Religion- Study of God from a philosophical viewpoint * Philosophy of History- This branch of Philosophy is an attempt to answer substantive questions dealing with such matters as the significance or possible purpose of the historical processes and the factors fundamentally responsible for historical development and change. Philosophy of Love- this branch deals with the meaning and value of love in the human person. * Philosophy of Culture- This is the philosophical study of all aspects of human life. Its aim is to interpret and transmit to future generations the system of values. * Philosophy of Women- This is also called philosophy of feminism, which refers to the study of the legal and political rights of women, as well as the relationship between the sexes in terms of inequality, subordination, or oppression. What is the basic requirement of becoming a Philosopher? – The faculty of wonder philosophy asks the question WHY? Where did Philosophy originates? West- Greece East- China and India Factors that contribute to the development of Philosophy in Greece * Geography * Invention of Games * Invention of coins * Myths Logic Etymologically, Logic is deduced from the Greek word Logike denoting a treatise on matters pertaining to thought. The term was coined by Zeno the Stoic. St. Thomas Aquinas defines Logic as the art that directs the reasoning process so that man may attain knowledge of truth in an orderly way, with ease and without error. You read "Philosophy with Logic" in category "Essay examples" As art, Logic is the tool of all sciences. The Scholastics considered it as â€Å"the art of all other arts† because it is used in every science and in every practical endeavor. As science, Logic studies the logical properties involved in the act of knowledge such as the logic of notions or concepts, the logic of judgement, the logic of reasoning and the logic of science. As science, Logic is a systematized body of logical truths and principles governing the habit of critical thinking and reasoning. History of Logic Zeno the Stoic coined the actual name Logic. He established the rules of argumentation to clarify the nature of concepts by using the Prior and Posterior analytics of Aristotle’s logical works. This endeavor degenerated because of the clever rhetoric and subtle persuasion of the Sophists. Socrates refuted the error by vindicating the value concepts in knowing reality. Plato, the most distinguished student of Socrates, philosophized that truth is the same as the ultimate, ideal reality. Aristotle corrected this error. He wrote six treatises on Logic known as the â€Å"Organon† He stated that ideas are mental operations that exist only in the mind. He is considered as the founder of science. Porphyrius wrote the categories of Aristotle known as â€Å"Isagoge’ Boethius translated Aristotle’s Organon and wrote commentaries on the Isagoge. Avicenna and Averroes wrote commentaries of Aristotle’s Organon Thomas Aquinas wrote commentaries on the logical works of Aristotle Francis Bacon wrote the â€Å"Novum Organon†. He introduced the Theory of Induction. John Stuart Mill developed Bacon’s â€Å"Novum Organon† Recently, George Boole founded the New Symbolic Logic . Because of its limited scope of application its popularity declined. Methods of Reasoning Inductive method- where we can obtain universal knowledge by considering the particular ex. Repeated experience of seeing falling bodies towards the ground. We may induce that this is common to all bodies. * Deductive- When we proceed from universal knowledge to particular cases ex. Logic is divided according to the three acts of the mind. * Apprehension * Judgement * Reasoning Simple Apprehension It is the basic operation of the mind or â€Å"the mental processes by which we grasp the general meaning of the thing without affirming or denying anything about it. It is the basic operation of the mind that leads to a concept; ex. man† â€Å"dog† Judgment It is the act of the mind by which we compare two concepts, either they agree or not. If we put concepts together, the end result is called judgement or proposition. Ex. Man Laughs Reasoning It is the act of the mind by which we derive new truths from previously assumed truth. The mind combines several judgments or propositions in order to arrive at a previously unknown judgment; it is called syllogism. Ex. All men are walking Cyrus is a man. Therefore Cyrus is walking. Mental Act External Sign Apprehension Term Judgement Proposition Reasoning Syllogism Terms The term deduced from the Latin â€Å"terminus† is the extramental symbol of an idea. A term is an external expression of an idea. Ideas are mental expressions of external objects. Logical properties of terms * Comprehension of a term- It is the sum total of all the qualities / elements that comprise the meaning of the term; A manifestation of the essence of the object. It is also known as connotation. The comprehension of animal is â€Å"sentient living material substance†. * The Extension of a Term- It is the sum total of the particulars to which the comprehension of a term can be applied. It is also known as denotation e. g. The extension of the comprehension â€Å"sentient living material substance(animal) is birds, mammals, reptiles, birds, mammals etc.. The comprehension and extension of terms are inversely related. The greater the comprehension the lesser the extension and vice-versa | Comprehension| Extension| Substance| substance| Spirits, minerals, plants, brutes,men| Body| Material substance| Minerals, plants, brutes, men| Organism| Living material substance| plants, brutes, men| Animal| Sentient living material substance| brutes, men| Man| Rational sentient living material substance| Men| Classification of Terms I. According to Extension Extension of Terms- is defined as property of a term by which such a term is applied to other things. Terms have three extensions namely Singular, Particular and Universal * Singular Term is an extension of term that stands for a single definite individual or group. It is used to specify the individual or group. It is quantified by: * Demonstrative pronouns- This, That e. g. this book, that boy * The article â€Å"the† connotes a single idea e. g. the cup, the umbrella * Personal Pronouns- I, You, He, my, yours , he ,she Collective nouns- flock, clan, team * Particular Terms-stand for a definite part of the absolute extension. This is applied to a given part of a given group. Particular terms have the following quantifiers 1. ) Indefinite Pronouns and Adjectives- Some, few, many, most, several, not all, etc. e. g. some people, most roads 2. ) Use of Numbers- seven candidates 3. ) Articles â€Å"A† and â€Å"AN† gi ve a particular idea e. g. a saucer, an umbrella Universal terms- stands for every subject signified. This is when meaning is extended to each and every member of the group. The signs of universality are: 1. Universal Expression/Quantifiers- all, every, each, whatever, whoever, which ever, without exception, everything, no, no one etc. e. g. Ex. No man is an island; All students of Rogationist College will wear their uniform 2. ) Universal Ideas- e. g. Tomorrow is a new day; Dogs are not cats 3. ) Articles in the Universal idea- e. g. The book has pages; A snake is a dangerous creature II. According to Meaning * Univocal- it signifies the same concept or essence, in (at least) two occurrences of the term e. g. Gloria Arroyo became the President of the Republic of the Philippines; Benigno Aquino jr. s the president of the Republic of the Philippines * Equivocal Term- The term is outwardly or apparently the same but it signifies different concepts or essences. E. g. left (left hand); left ( gone); right (right hand) right (correct) * Analogous term- it expresses partly the same and partly different in meanings ex. Head does not have the same meaning in head of the family and head of a man. III. According to Quality * Positive in form, positive in meaning e. g. life, justice, truth, * Positive in form, negative in meaning e. g. murder, massacre, famine * Negative in form, negative in meaning e. g. mmature, incompetent, dishonest * Negative in form, positive in meaning e. g. immortal, unblemished IV. According to Relation * Compatible- those that can co- exist in a subject examples: wise and good; beauty and brain; rich and famous; tall, dark and handsome; * Incompatible- those that cannot co-exist in a subject. They exclude each other. There are four kinds of incompatible Ideas: * Contradictory- those that express a positive and negative concept. Contradictories are mutually exclusive such that the affirmation of one is the denial of the other. Between them, ther e is no third (middle) possibility. Examples: legal-illegal; patient-impatient; literate-illiterate; valid-invalid * Contrary- those that express extremes belonging to the same class. Between these ideas, there is a third (middle) ground. Examples: rich-poor; hot-cold; kind-cruel; high-low; beautiful-ugly * Privative- two opposed ideas, one of which expresses perfection, and the other its lack which ought to be possessed. Examples: sight-blindness; truth-error; hearing-deafness; good-evil * Correlative- two opposed ideas that bear mutual relation to one another such that one can’t be understood without the other. They imply each other because one depends the other. Examples: cause-effect; whole-part; husband wife; parent-child According to Object 1. ) Real- it expresses something that has existential actuality, whether positive or negative. Examples: clarity, temperance, scandal, unemployment, chair, table 2. ) Logical- it is used as a conceptual device to facilitate learning. Examples: subject, predicate, classification, division, phyla, genera 3. ) Imaginary- it has no correspondence in reality but is merely a concoction of the mind. Examples: Spider man, flying carpet, darna, talking tree According to Comprehension * Concrete- the term is used to express concrete concepts such as those perceivable by the senses or whose referent is tangible. Example: ball, desk, table,brilliant lawyer * Abstract- The term is used to express abstract concepts such as those understood by the mind or whose referent is intangible. The term denotes being, quality, quantity or relationship. It denotes the property of a thing regarded as an entity by itself. Examples: humanity, dullness. Kindness How to cite Philosophy with Logic, Essay examples

Dumb-blonde stereotypes Essay Example

Dumb-blonde stereotypes Essay Tony then arrives to let Gary know that their pub is closing down, both shocked Gary walks out abandoning Dorothy, this is a stereotypical think that men dont care about woman as much as booze, or footie.  In scene 2 Gary and Tony have a drink with the new pub landlord; the drink is seen as a stereotypical bonding way of men. Scene 3 in Debs flat is a good scene because it shows how careless men are, when Tony shows up with a condom machine badly wrapped, this also supports the stereotypical idea of men being obsessed with sex. Debs flat is stereotypically feminine in that it is tidy, clean, bright, homely and tasteful unlike Gary and Tonis flat which is dirty and overloaded with beer cans. When Debby tells Tony about her interest in astrology Tony then gives her a stereotypical male view of it guys dont believe in all that bollocks, unless they want to get off with a girl who really thinks (its true). Tony then makes a joke with a sexual overtone, you show me yours, Ill show you mine, again this stereotypical idea that men only think about sex. We will write a custom essay sample on Dumb-blonde stereotypes specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Dumb-blonde stereotypes specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Dumb-blonde stereotypes specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer In scene 4 Tony and Gary go o n a pub crawl to find a new pub, as mentioned they approach this as if buying a house, as it will become their home from now on. Gary makes a list of what to look for in a pub, the list includes taking a good look at the outside step (when they are drunk), and local take-ways (stereotypical lad, them getting drunk and getting the munchies). Over the scene Gary and Tony start dancing drunkenly in the street, this is a very stereotypical. In scene 5 we see Garys flat which has been turned in a pub with the old pubs filthy toilets and the optics. They then start having a conversation about girly words like: loo, doobry, oops, potty, flip flop, being different from guy words such as carburettor, penalty shoot-out. The girly words have a more soft and connotations of home, where as the guy words are linked to stereotypical male obsessions like cars and football. When Dorothy comes in and Gary tries to explain the importance of pubs to men by comparing a pub to cathedral, suggesting that drinking is their religion. Gary then enacts all of his bad habits mentioned earlier. When Gary goes to the pub he lives to-do notes for Dorothy, and she from furry goes to the pub and does a role reversal and acts like a stereotypical lad does. Now what Dorothy does is, in effect, to expose the dominant ideology that says its socially acceptable for men to behave like this, but totally taboo for woman to do the same. The humour in this scene comes through the surprise of the role reversal/breaking of stereotypes showing us what we do not expect to see. The second comedy I am going to look at is AbFab, now the humour comes form the characters breaking the stereotypical representations of woman, unlike MBB where the humour comes form the exaggerated stereotypes. AbFab is an almost entirely female sitcom, there are hardly any men in the programme, and those that appear are usually either gay or unimportant (seen as sex objects, as woman would be seen in MBB and earlier sitcoms. The humour in this sitcom comes from Patsy and Edina acting in this extreme, and in social terms unacceptable behaviour.  The episode of AbFab that Ive studied is the first ever episode made of AbFab. In scene 1 and throughout the episode we see that Edina breaks the stereotype of being a good mother and there is a theme of role reversal in which Edina is, is a teenager and Saffy is the responsible mother figure. The scene opens with Edinas room and shes in bed as she had a hangover from the previous night. This is where we see that she had none of the qualities of a mother: as she is messy, get drunk and smokes to excess (we see bottles, ash trays and cigarette buds all over the room), she is irresponsible (as she cant be asked to get up to go to work), she is lazy and she is very loud. The role reversal is seen when Saffy comes in and starts shouting at Edina to get up and go to work (as if a parent would do to their child), Edina reacts by hiding the drink bottle under her duvet so that Saffy doesnt see it (again as a teenager would hide drinks or fags). The comedy comes from Edina breaking the stereotypical mother image. In the second scene we see Edinas kitchen and again that is also covered with drink bottles everywhere. We see the Edina is not at all domestic because she confuses the washing machine with a cupboard, this reveals that she is not a stereotypical domestic housewife and the humour comes from that.  Saffy is presented as a stereotypical mother should be: caring, responsible, practical, concerned and trying to tell Edina the difference between right and wrong (as a mother should instead its the daughter). Edina acts in a very unfeminine manner, as she is loud, vulgar, aggressive and childish (like a stereotypical teenager would be perceived as). In scene 3 we meet Patsy for the first time, now as soon as she enters the room we can tell that Saffy doesnt like her (like when parents meet daughters boyfriends and think their not good enough). Patsy arrives in a smart suit (this reflects the dominance over Edina and as if she is the man in the partnership). She has a sixties beehive hairdo, this is a throwback to the time that Patsy and Edina are stuck in. now Edina sees her relationship with Patsy more important that the motherly relationship with Saffy ( un stereotypical, as mothers should put their kids before everything else), similar to the relationship in MBB, where they see mates more important than girlfriends. In scene 4 we see Edina and Patsy doing things to excess like drinking, smoking (these are unfeminine vices), later we see them taking drugs like its a everyday, normal thing. Edina seems to have few maternal instinct and Patsy none, Patsy asks whats the point of having kids when all they do is ruin your body, and not come with you to fashion shows, Patsy only sees the disadvantages. Patsy is independent and in control other own sexuality without any maternal hang- ups at all (like a stereotypical man, who has one night stands all the time and doesnt care). Patsy breaks the stereotypical traditional feminine stereotypes as her life seems to revolve around; drinking, smoking, bitching, drugs, and drugs, those things you would expect only a man to do, this breaks all feminine stereotypes, and thats why its seen as funny to the audience as they would never expect a woman to do that. In scene 5 we meet Bubble, she is perceived as and extreme dumb-blonde stereotypes, her name presumably refers to the fact that she is an air-head, but also she is reversing the stereotype of the efficient female assistant. In this scene Edina is very much her own boss (as you would expect a stereotypical man to be), also you see how AbFab is a world of woman, as there are no men in it or the fact that no men are mentioned. We also see how ruthless, insincere, heartless and totally lacking maternal feelings Edina is (you wouldnt expect to see woman like that, it breaks away from the stereotypical representation of woman) when she organises the fashion show.

The eNotes Blog Twentieth Anniversary of Tim OBriens The Things TheyCarried

Twentieth Anniversary of Tim OBriens The Things TheyCarried A true war story is never moral. It does not instruct, nor encourage virtue, nor suggest models of proper human behavior, nor restrain men from doing the things men have always done. If a story seems moral, do not believe it. If at the end of a war story you feel uplifted, or if you feel that some small bit of rectitude has been salvaged from the larger waste, then you have been made the victim of a very old and terrible lie. There is no rectitude whatsoever. There is no virtue. As a first rule of thumb, therefore, you can tell a true war story by its absolute and uncompromising allegiance to obscenity and evil.    ~ Tim OBrien, The Things They Carried 2010  marks the twentieth year of the publication of Tim OBriens The Things They Carried, a collection of stories about the war in which he fought, Vietnam.   The celebrated work (which was a finalist for the Pulitzer Prize) is now a staple of both high school and college literature courses. Since 1990, the book has sold over two million copies. OBrien began writing The Things They Carried some twenty years after his return from the Vietnam War.   His vivid descriptions of the horrors of war, the  abiding camaraderie  that soldiers experience,   and the permanent, psychological scars left by combat have all contributed to the longevity and enduring popularity of the work. It has now been forty years since OBrien returned from the Vietnam War. In  an interview with National Public Radios Talk of the Nation, host Neal Conan asked the author what he personally stills carries after such a long time. OBrien responded, Well, I carry the memories or the ghosts of a place called Vietnam, the people of Vietnam, my fellow soldiers. More importantly, I guess, I carry the weight of responsibility and a sense of abiding guilt. I carry joyful memories, too, friends I made and the conversations at foxholes where, for a moment or two, the war would seem to vanish into camaraderie and friendship. OBrien  confesses that he was initially  surprised that his book is so widely taught in high school. He admits the audience he envisioned was  composed of literate people on subways and going to work and in their homes reading the book.  But he is pleased that young readers have found ways to connect to his themes. While they are not on the  literal battlefield, they fight their own wars of  Ã‚  broken homes and bad childhoods. The long wars in both Iraq and Afghanistan  have also brought new readers to the book. Soldiers  called in to the program to thank OBrien for his truthfulness, and to tell the author what they personally carry. Veterans told him about the literal,  from dog tags to wristbands (made) out of 550 cord, to the psychological.  A caller named Terry said, You know, Id like to say that one of the things that I still carry is the wonder that people voted to keep us there. I came back and joined Vietnam Veterans Against the War, and I found that you couldnt tell anybody what you had witnessed. Without having some experience, it just, they either didnt want to hear it or they couldnt relate to it. Ernest Hemingway instructed writers to write one true sentence. OBrien has written many of them. And that is what continues to draw readers.

La Venta Olmec Archaeology site La Venta

La Venta Olmec Archaeology site La Venta The La Venta is an archaeological site in the Mexican State of Tabasco. At the site are the partially excavated ruins of an Olmec city which thrived from approximately 900-400 B.C. before being abandoned and reclaimed by the jungle. La Venta is a very important Olmec site and many interesting and significant artifacts have been found there, including four of the famous Olmec colossal heads. The Olmec Civilization The Ancient Olmec were the first major civilization in Mesoamerica, and as such are considered the parent culture of other societies that came later, including the Maya and Aztec. They were gifted artists and sculptors who are best remembered today for their massive colossal heads. They were also talented engineers and traders. They had a well-developed religion and interpretation of the cosmos, complete with gods and mythology. Their first great city was San Lorenzo, but the city declined and around 900 A.D. the center of Olmec civilization became La Venta. For centuries, La Venta spread Olmec culture and influence throughout Mesoamerica. When La Ventas glory faded and the city declined around 400 B.C., Olmec culture died with it, although a post-Olmec culture thrived at the site of Tres Zapotes. Even once the Olmec were gone, their gods, beliefs and artistic styles survived in other Mesoamerican cultures whose turn for greatness was yet to come. La Venta at its Peak From about 900 to 400 A.D., La Venta was the greatest city in Mesoamerica, far greater than any of its contemporaries. A man-made mountain towered over the ridge at the heart of the city where priests and rulers carried out elaborate ceremonies. Thousands of common Olmec citizens labored tending crops in the fields, catching fish in the rivers or moving great blocks of stone to the Olmec workshops for carving. Skilled sculptors produced colossal heads and thrones weighing many tons as well as finely polished jadeite celts, axe heads, beads and other pretty things. Olmec traders crossed Mesoamerica from Central America to the Valley of Mexico, returning with bright feathers, jadeite from Guatemala, cacao from the Pacific coast and obsidian for weapons, tools and adornments. The city itself covered an area of 200 hectares and its influence spread much further. The Royal Compound La Venta was built on a ridge alongside the Palma River. At the top of the ridge are a series of complexes collectively referred to as the Royal Compound because it is believed that the ruler of La Venta lived there with his family. The royal compound is the most important part of the site and many important objects have been unearthed there. The royal compound - and the city itself - is dominated by Complex C, a man-made mountain built of many tons of earth. It was once pyramidal in shape, but the centuries - and some unwelcome interference from nearby oil operations in the 1960s - have turned Complex C into a shapeless hill. On the northern side is Complex A, a burial ground and important religious area (see below). On the other side, Complex B is a large area where thousands of common Olmecs could gather to witness ceremonies taking place on Complex C. The royal compound is completed by the Stirling Acropolis, a raised platform with two mounds: it is believed that the royal reside nce was once located here. Complex A Complex A is bordered on the south by Complex C and on the north by three massive colossal heads, clearly setting this area aside as a privileged zone for the most important citizens of La Venta. Complex A is the most complete ceremonial center to have survived from Olmec times and the discoveries made there redefined modern knowledge of the Olmec. Complex A was evidently a sacred place where burials took place (five tombs have been found) and people gave gifts to the gods. There are five massive offerings here: deep pits filled with serpentine stones and colored clay before being topped with serpentine mosaics and earthen mounds. Numerous smaller offerings have been found, including a set of figurines known as small dedicatory offering four. Numerous statues and stonecarvings were located here. Scuplture and Art at La Venta La Venta is a treasure trove of Olmec art and sculpture. At least 90 stone monuments have been discovered there including some of the most important pieces of Olmec art. Four colossal heads – out of a total of seventeen known to exist – were discovered here. There are several massive thrones at La Venta: huge blocks of stone brought from many miles away, carved on the sides and meant to be sat or stood upon by rulers or priests. Some of the more important pieces include Monument 13, nicknamed â€Å"the Ambassador,† which may contain some of the earliest glyphs recorded in Mesoamerica and Monument 19, a skillful depiction of a warrior and a feathered serpent. Stela 3 shows two rulers facing one another while 6 figures – spirits? – swirl overhead. Decline of La Venta Ultimately La Ventas influence petered out and the city went into decline around 400 B.C. Eventually the site was abandoned altogether and reclaimed by the jungle: it would remain lost for centuries. Fortunately, the Olmecs covered up much of Complex A with clay and earth before the city was abandoned: this would preserve important objects for discovery in the twentieth century. With the fall of La Venta, Olmec civilization faded as well. It survived somewhat in a post-Olmec phase referred to as the Epi-Olmec: the center of this age was the city of Tres Zapotes. The Olmec people did not all die out: their descendants would return to greatness in the Classic Veracruz culture. Importance La Venta The Olmec culture is very mysterious yet very important for archaeologists and modern-day researchers. It is mysterious because, having disappeared over 2,000 years ago, much information about them has been irrevocably lost. It is important because as the parent culture of Mesoamerica, its influence on the later development of the region is immeasurable. La Venta, along with San Lorenzo, Tres Zapotes and El Manatà ­, is one of the four most important Olmec sites known to exist. The information gleaned from Complex A alone is priceless. Although the site isnt particularly spectacular for tourists and visitors - if you want breathtaking temples and buildings, go to Tikal or Teotihuacn - any archaeologist will tell you its just as important. Sources: Coe, Michael D and Rex Koontz. Mexico: From the Olmecs to the Aztecs. 6th Edition. New York: Thames and Hudson, 2008 Diehl, Richard A. The Olmecs: Americas First Civilization. London: Thames and Hudson, 2004. Gonzalez Tauck, Rebecca B. El Complejo A: La Venta, Tabasco Arqueologà ­a Mexicana Vol XV - Num. 87 (Sept-Oct 2007). p. 49-54.

Executive Orders Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Executive Orders - Essay Example This essay describes the executive order that was given by the President Obama, who like his predecessors has issued several executive orders since he assumed office. One such order is the Executive Order Number 13491 of January 22, 2009, which sought to ensure lawful interrogations for armed conflict detainees and was a main focus of this essay. The objective of this order was to ensure that people were treated safely, lawfully, and humanely in the government’s endeavors to gather intelligence data. In particular, the order targeted people under U.S custody within its borders and those U.S citizens held in armed conflicts. By this order, the Obama administration sought to comply with its domestic and international treaties such as the Geneva Conventions. The implementation of the Executive Order 13491 of January 22, 2009 has been marred by quite a number of challenges and criticism that were deeply analyzed in the essay. In fact, the researcher suggests that many stakeholders opine that the order has several loopholes that would allow torture to prevail during interrogations. In the conclusion, the researcher mentiones that generally, the implementation of Executive Order 13491 mainly had positive effects since more human and safe interrogation techniques are currently being used on detainees. Although some assert that these techniques are equally torturous, illegal, and controversial, the U.S military approves their use. These techniques include isolation, sensory deprivation, sleep deprivation, stress position and etc.

Research continued Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Research continued - Essay Example It is imperative to note that when nurses take too long in one patient’s room, they lag behind in their work, yet they are charged with the responsibility of providing surveillance to prevent errors and ensure quality care. Patient safety is enhanced when effective hourly rounding is implemented (Deitrick, Baker, Paxton, Flores, & Swavely, 2012). Therefore, an appropriate outcome measure ought to be developed, which evaluates the extent to which the project objective is achieved. An outcome that is used to evaluate achievement of the project’s objectives involves patients and nurses. The nurses are required to provide health care to the patients in their wards or rooms, through hourly rounds. During these hourly rounds, nurses are supposed patient needs are expected to offer proactive care, addressing patient needs before patients ask for assistance. This can reduce patient falls and increase patient satisfaction. On the other hand, nurse satisfaction can be enhanced. Therefore, the outcome measure addresses patient satisfaction, nurse satisfaction and barriers, which nurses face, as they seek to achieve the objectives of the solution. The outcome measure register/log consists of five major rows and nine minor rows. In the major rows, outcomes such as patient falls, call lights, response to call lights, patient satisfaction and nurse satisfaction, as well as barriers to achieving hourly rounds’ objective are assessed. Response to call lights, patient satisfaction and nurse satisfaction outcomes are categorised into subdivisions of highly efficient to inefficient and high to low (See Appendix). In each column, each column represents a day, and the last column is meant for overall remarks. The nurses are supposed to fill all the sections of the outcome measure except the patient satisfaction part, which should be filled by patients. A weekly meeting,

Analysis of Robert Frosts Poem, Nothing Gold Can Stay Essay -- Robert

Analysis of Robert Frost's Poem, Nothing Gold Can Stay Robert Frost has a fine talent for putting words into poetry. Words which are normally simplistic spur to life when he combines them into a whimsical poetic masterpiece. His 'Nothing Gold Can Stay' poem is no exception. Although short, it drives home a deep point and meaning. Life is such a fragile thing and most of it is taken for granted. The finest, most precious time in life generally passes in what could be the blink of an eye. 'Nothing Gold Can Stay' shows just this. Even in such a small poem he describes what would seem an eternity or an entire lifetime in eight simple lines. Change is eminent and will happen to all living things. This is the main point of the poem and is shown consistently throughout the eight lines.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  While birth and beginnings are an inevitable part of nature and life, most people do not see how quickly this beautiful and precious time passes. Robert Frost states in the very first stanza this point. With two simple sentences it becomes clear how precious life truly is. ?Nature?s first green is gold? is the first line of the first poem and it depicts precisely what the majority of us take for granted. ?Gold? is the beauty and value of what is really the most precious moment in life, which is birth. The second line of the poem is ?Her hardest hue to hold.? In the moment it takes to stare in awe at such beauty, it can disappear, and with it the innocence and naivety of which is new t...

To What Extent Is the Commercialization of Sport a Positive Trend?

I feel that commercialisation of sports is bad as it denies the sport players of their privacy. As the players would be constantly under the limelight, details of their lives, both the good and the bad, are released to the public. For example, in the recent Tiger Wood's scandal involving his many mistresses, his private life was broad casted to the public, attracting many criticisms. Therefore, the commercialization of sports is bad as it compromises the personal space of the athletes. Performance may not be the main focus in all sports. Some people may take up a sport just to maintain a healthy lifestyle. Many sports, such as running and swimming can be solitary and non-competitive. It does not matter if one does not perform well in the activity, as long as the individual feels that being engaged in it brings benefit to his/her health. If the commercialization of sports were to cause people to develop a mindset that victory and quality of performance is of utmost importance, unnecessary pressure will be imposed on the sportsman. Their mentality may change, resulting in them thinking that only those who can excel in the sport deserve to take part. This causes those who do sports for health benefits but are not proficient to lose their penchant. Commercialization in this case is disadvantageous as it has the power to distort the mindset of people negatively. The psychological phobia may cause some people to be robbed of their chance to engage in a sport they like. The commercialization of sports has set in motion a shift in paradigm in sports; particularly those which involve teams. Players have become commodities to be traded and sold for extravagant sums of money and even clubs are being sold to the highest bidders. The trouble with this is that while sport used to be about performance excellence and hard work, clubs may now simply obtain success by splurging astronomical amounts of money to buy the best players that money can buy. Players no longer stay loyal to the clubs that trained them and honed their skills but instead seek greener pastures where the pay is higher than the exorbitant amount it already is. The overall result of this is a lack of sense of loyalty and passion and also makes a case for the notion that success can be bought with money. Commercialisation of sports leads to the erosion of it's values. No longer is the focus about doing one's best to win, it is now about wearing the branded goods. The promotion of sports apparel or energy beverages gives the idea that without these goods, one cannot achieve their optimal point in sports. Some of these brands include Nike, Adidas and Gatorade. While they may help the body's posture and movement, it is the person's perseverence that will pull them through. Commercialisation is only another form of distrcation. Hence, commercialisation of sports is bad. Commercialisation of sports is bad. It seems that Sports had lost it true meaning. Sports is no longer a simple physical exercise but involves many other issues. Instead, one's popularity and ability to appeal to the public is more important then one's talent and skills. For example: Anna Kournikova is the biggest tennis start yet she never won a grand slam, she gains a large amount of earnings through sponsorship alone Justin Henin(world no 1) is able to earn in a lifetime. This have shown the disparity between both individuals. Therefore, I conclude that commercialisation of sports have led to people placing more emphasis on looks then talent. Nowadays, if one was to declare themselves a fan of Chelsea football club, the reply you would get would most probably â€Å"Before or After Roman Abramovich? † Chelsea Football Club was bought over by a rich oil merchant in 2003, and this led to an interesting disadvantage of commercialisation in sport. Because of the large amount of capital that is provided to these clubs who are bought over by rich businessmen, they are able to buy their way to success. This effectively destroys sportsmanship in the spirit of competition and causes unfair advantages to smaller teams that do not have that large an amount of capital at their disposal and thus are unable to spend as freely. This is not just limited to football. Sport that are taken over by sponsorship or under ownership will all suffer from this disadvantage. In F1, Ferrari and MacLaren are always the teams that occupy the pole position whereas teams with less renowned cars like Toyota rarely become champions. Hence, commercialization has been proven to disrupt and distort the playing field, providing unfair economical and thus other advantages to certain teams Commercialisation is becoming increasingly prevalent in sport and while this moral issue would generally be perceived as positive with the availability of more money and resources, many believe that the idea of sport as an industry has allowed amateur sport to become overly competitive and the rise of riots due to sports, is a recognizable consequence of this. This change in many ways allowed us to enjoy the level of professional sport we enjoy in Singapore today. However, some believe the trickle down of commercialisation to amateur sports has increased the tendency to provide some type of reward with athletes adopting an attitude of â€Å"winning no matter the cost†. This is now even seen within the Olympics with athletes who live off their sport now competing in an ‘amateur' competition. Children in particular are today are socialised to value winning over playing fair. This affects their moral knowledge and development, ultimately affecting their decision making. Commercialisation of sports is bad as it only advertise certain types of sports as well as its players. This makes people believe that the sport being advertised is more popular than the rest. Furthermore, people's knowledge on the types of sports will be limited. The same applies to the player being internationally well known. The player may not be the best player but due to the vast commercialising of him, it may bring a perception that he is the best player. As a result, people are ignorant about the worthiness of the players and their feelings are being toyed with if it is known that their favourite player is just an average sportsman. Therefore, commercialisation of sports is bad. Commercialisation is bad due to the social impact it resulted. It have been noted that many kids nowadays dream about making money through sports like basketball instead of just playing the game the love. For instance, a magazine named Slam talks about basketball and the players in NBA. It consists of an advertisement which asks â€Å"What Sports Center do you watch†. Then it says, â€Å"Steve Francis watches the 6AM Sports Center. † In my opinion, the advertisement is trying to use Steve Francis' popularity to persuade audiences to watch the Sports Center. This is one example of companies using sports figures to sell their products. In the advertisement, the picture of Steve Francis in his house, shows us what really is important to him — the pool and golf course in his back yard through the window in his bedroom. Hence, it is partly due to commercialisation of sports that many people look up to him in terms of his material possessions and not the way he plays basketball. Positive There will be an increase in higher quality of performance as people strive to do better and win in sports. Funding and business profits from the commercializtion of sports enable sportsmen to improve themselves and thus ring the sport to higher grounds. If a player lacks equipment or proper training grounds like, say a tennis court, funding and money can provide the player with what he requires to improve his skills. Sports has to be commercialized in order to gain these funds, and thus the commercialization of sports is good. Commercialisation plays an important role in the sport existence. It helps to provide the funds and re sources needed for athletes to be able to perform at their fullest potential. Take a Track and Field athlete for example, without a proper pair of spikes the athlete cannot perform his best. Without commericalisation there will not be efficient athletes and without efficient athletes the sport cannot be exist. Thus commericalisation plays an important role in the sports industry to help keep sports alive by providing funds and resources needed. Another benefit for commercialization of sports is that amateur level sports can benefit through commercialization of sport at the professional level. Commercialization has brought greater exposure to sports such as A-League, NRL, Super 14 and these sports at an amateur level benefit directly through commercialization and the exposure brings it to a professional level spor Indeed, sports helps to generate revenue not only for the benefit of creating more capital for sports but also to generate more revenues for different industries. Modern sports links to commerce are highly visible. Stadiums and arenas bear the names of businesses, sponsors' logos are appearing on athletes' clothing and equipment and on the facilities they play in. Media companies pay a huge amount for the rights to broadcast sports events, and advertisers pay to promote products during the screening of sports events. The revenue of a country would increase due to the commercialisation of sports as more international competitions will be held in the country. Advertisements of the tournament or competition would interest more foreigners and bring in greater revenue. This would be beneficial to the country's economy. It was evident for the Beijing Olympics held in 2008 where many people turned up for the major event due to commercialisation; hence, contributing to China's economic growth the facilities built could still be used to train more athletes and sportsmen, hence, allowing them to perform at their full potential to prepare for future competitions. With better competitors, the sports event would be more exciting and entertaining to the viewers and this would generate revenue to the country especially if it is the one hosting the event. This would potentially lead to economic growth. In China, the commercialisation of sports was also a strategy to increase its ‘soft power' which is the ability to affect others to obtain the outcomes China wants. It has helped China to appear more attractive to other countries and this is the first step for China to build political relations with other countries, making it beneficial for them. Commercialization of sports has resulted in the increase in the number and quality of sports shown on television today. Without commercial sponsorship, people would not be able to follow their favourite sports from their homes as closely as they want. Thus commercialization of sports has benefited society in providing entertainmen Through commercialisation, sports have been able to reach out to large audiences. With the help of the business community, there is funding and also international coverage from the media. If not, international sports events such as the Olympic Games or the Sea Games would not be made possible. It is due to this support, that athletes are able to compete and to strive for the very best in such key international events. Furthermore, sponsorships and partnerships can help sports create opportunities, such as the Olympic Games, to not only survive but thrive in today's much economically and work-driven world. Moreover, commercialisation of sports can give a good exposure of the sport to youths of today's society. The lives of many youths today revolve around technology, leading to a very mundane lifestyle. Thus this exposure may lead to them picking up certain sports, diversifying and making their lifestyle more active instead of just spending hours on end on their computers. Thus, sports should be an important aspect of our lives and the only way to ensure it continues to flourish, especially in today's context, is through commercialisation.

Definition Of An Educational Institution - 1278 Words

ORGANIZATION NAME AND DESCRIPTION: The organization which choose is an educational institution which is Johnson Grammar School shortly known as JGS, I have studied in this school of about from kindergarten to my high school. When it comes to description, the school was established in the year 1979. It offers quality of education in kindergarten, middle school and even in high school. OPERATING MODEL: In a business organization there should always be presence of operating model as this lays a firm foundation for the whole organization and this helps in reaching the desired goal. The ultimate goal is to see all students from Johnson able to adjust, with respect to a fast changing environment, with the ability to lead in the field which they have decided to choose with integrity and courage. Well the organization depends on maintaining the decisions centralized. The school maintains its position as one of the top institution by improving its efficiency consistently and enhances student’s capabilities in making them merits. BUSINESS FUNCTION DEFINITION SUMMARY No. Goals Sub Goals Definition Organizational Unit I Value added functions 1 Admit New Students 1.1 Entrance Exams Entrance Exams is concerned with admitting new students by conducting Entrance exams or by interviewing them regarding their previous study and filtering the ones who deserve it. Admissions Crew 1.2 Provide ID’s Provide ID’s is concerned with providing identification cards to all the admittedShow MoreRelatedStruggling to Define Industry in the Industrial Disputes Act805 Words   |  3 Pagesthe definition of ‘industry’ given under section 2(j). To avail the benefit of the ID Act, it is necessary for the worker to prove that his place of employment falls under the purview of the definition of ‘industry’ in s 2(j). 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